Classification, characteristics and equipment used in forging-Goodwill Valve Fittings

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Classification, characteristics and equipment used in forging

Release Date：

21 Jun,2023

Forging is a processing method that uses forging machinery to apply pressure to metal blanks to produce plastic deformation to obtain forgings of certain mechanical properties, shapes and sizes. Forging (forging and stamping) is one of the two major components.

Forging can eliminate defects such as loose casting state of the metal in the smelting process, and optimize the microstructure. At the same time, because the complete metal streamline is preserved, the mechanical properties of forgings are generally better than those of castings of the same material.For important parts with high loads and severe working conditions in related machinery, forgings are mostly used except for rolled plates, profiles or welded parts with relatively simple shapes.

According to the forming mechanism, forging can be divided into free forging, die forging, ring rolling, and special forging.

Characteristics of free forging：

Improve the organizational structure and improve the mechanical properties. Through forging, the coarse crystal structure inside the metal is broken: defects such as pores, shrinkage, cracks, etc. are pressed together to improve the density, and the fiber streamline of the metal is rationally distributed on the cross-section of the forging, which improves the mechanical properties of the metal.

The cost is low and the economy is reasonable.Forging equipment and tools are versatile, and the production preparation cycle is short, which makes it easy to replace products.

The process is flexible and adaptable.

The dimensional accuracy of forgings is low.

Free forging is mainly used in the production of single-piece small batches, forgings with less complex shapes and low dimensional accuracy requirements, and some large-scale forgings.

Freely forged equipment：

The air hammer has a simple structure, flexible operation and easy maintenance, but the hammering force is small.

Hydraulic presses, hydraulic presses produce plastic deformation of blanks under static pressure, work smoothly, have low noise, good working conditions, and produce greater pressure, but the equipment is huge, the structure is complex, and the price is expensive.

There is no problem of overload damage to both types of equipment, but if the tonnage of the equipment is selected too small, the internal forging of the forgings is impenetrable and the productivity is low. On the contrary, if the tonnage of the equipment is selected too large, it will waste manpower and financial resources.

The choice of forging equipment is mainly related to factors such as deformation area, forging material and deformation temperature.

Can be used for pier rough drawing, long punching, reaming, bending, misalignment, etc.

Determination of the initial forging temperature: Under the premise that there are no heating defects such as overheating and overburning, the initial forging temperature should be increased as much as possible to make the metal malleable.The initial forging temperature is generally controlled at 150-250℃ below the solid phase line.

Die forging is divided into open die forging and closed die forging

Definition of die forging: The method of forging the heated blank in a mold fixed to the die forging equipment is called die forging.Die forging is the main process method for forging using special forging dies to obtain forgings of the desired shape and size.

The characteristics of die forging are: under the action of the forging press, the blank is forced to flow plasticly in the forging cavity, thereby obtaining forgings with better quality than free forging.

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